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&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/8e27a457-f2e8-4076-8d71-a74797240cda.png" alt="detecting ddos attacks"></figure> In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks remain a formidable challenge for individuals and organizations alike. A DDoS attack aims to overload a network with an excessive amount of requests, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users. Given their disruptive potential, it's crucial to recognize the signs of a DDoS attack early on.&nbsp;Here, we first list the key indicators that can help determine if your network is under a DDoS attack. We then provide a detailed explanation of the types of DDoS attacks and how to identify them.<h2 id="What-are-the-Signs-of-DDoS-Attacks?">What are the Signs of DDoS Attacks?</h2>If your network exhibits the following signs, it is likely experiencing a DDoS attack:<ul><li>Unusually Slow Network Performance: One of the initial signs of a DDoS attack is a significant slowdown in network performance. If accessing websites, sending emails, or using internet-based applications becomes markedly slower without a clear reason, this could indicate that your network is being overwhelmed with traffic.</li><li>Inaccessibility of a Particular Website or Service: A telltale sign of a DDoS attack is when a specific website or online service suddenly becomes unavailable. While occasional downtime can occur due to maintenance or server issues, if a site or service that was functioning normally becomes unreachable for an extended period, it may be under attack.</li><li>Internet Disconnection: In severe cases, a DDoS attack can lead to the complete disconnection of your internet service. If you find that you're unable to connect to any website or online service, and this issue persists despite troubleshooting your equipment and connections, your network might be experiencing a DDoS attack.</li><li>Unexplained Surge in Traffic: Monitoring tools that display incoming network traffic can reveal sudden, unexplained surges. This is often a clear indication of a DDoS attempt. The traffic usually originates from multiple sources, which is a characteristic feature of distributed denial of service attacks.</li></ul><h2 id="What-are-the-Types-of-DDoS-Attacks?">What are the Types of DDoS Attacks?</h2><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">1. Application layer attacks</h3>Application layer attacks (Layer 7 attacks) are attacks against application layer protocols (such as HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, etc.) designed to exhaust the server's resources and make it unable to respond to legitimate user requests. This type of attack is usually achieved by sending a large number of legitimate but malicious requests.<ul><li>HTTP Flood: Send a large number of HTTP requests to exhaust the resources of the web server.</li><li>Slowloris: Exhaust the server's connection resources by keeping a large number of HTTP connections open.</li><li>DNS Query Flood: Send a large number of DNS query requests to exhaust the resources of the DNS server.</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">2. Protocol layer attacks</h3>Protocol layer attacks (Layer 3/4 attacks) are attacks on network protocols (such as TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.), designed to exhaust the resources of network devices and make them unable to process legitimate traffic.<ul><li>SYN Flood: Send a large number of TCP SYN requests to exhaust the server's connection table.</li><li>UDP Flood: Send a large number of UDP packets to exhaust network bandwidth and server resources.</li><li>ICMP Flood: Send a large number of ICMP Echo requests (pings) to exhaust network bandwidth and server resources.</li></ul>The ultimate goal of these attacks at different network levels is to exhaust server or network resources, blocking normal access and affecting the use of normal users. &nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/535f7590-72d0-4369-9d9d-af4af712db49.png" alt="7 layers of osi model"></figure><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">3. Capacity exhaustion attack</h3>Since the bandwidth of the service is limited, volumetric attacks exhaust the network bandwidth by sending a large number of data packets, making it impossible for legitimate traffic to pass.<ul><li>DNS Amplification: Using open DNS resolvers, amplify small requests into large responses, exhausting the target's bandwidt</li><li>NTP Amplification: Using open NTP servers, amplify small requests into large responses, exhausting the target's bandwidth.</li><li>SSDP Amplification: Using open SSDP devices, amplify small requests into large responses, exhausting the target's bandwidth.</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">4. Resource exhaustion attack</h3>Since server resources are limited, resource exhaustion attacks exhaust the server's computing resources (such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, etc.) so that it cannot process legitimate requests.<ul><li>HTTP GET/POST Flood: Send a large number of HTTP GET or POST requests to exhaust the server's CPU and memory resources.</li><li>XML Bomb: Send specially crafted XML data to cause the server to exhaust memory when parsing.</li><li>Hash Collision: Send specially crafted requests to cause a large number of hash collisions when the server processes the hash table, exhausting CPU resources.</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">5. Connection exhaustion attack</h3>Since the number of concurrent connections of the server is limited, the connection exhaustion attack is to exhaust the connection resources of the server, making it unable to establish new connections, thereby affecting the use of normal customers.<ul><li>Slowloris: Exhaust the connection resources of the server by keeping a large number of HTTP connections open.</li><li>TCP Connection Flood: Send a large number of TCP connection requests to exhaust the connection table of the server.</li><li>SYN Flood: Send a large number of TCP SYN requests to exhaust the connection table of the server. &nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/5748e434-6181-49bf-a7c8-efbfed689cb5.png" alt="connection exhaustion attack"></figure><h2 id="How-to-Identify-DDoS-Attacks?">How to Identify DDoS Attacks?</h2>Knowing the different attack methods and working principles, it is very easy to determine whether you are under DDoS attack.<h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">1. Application layer attacks</h3><ul><li>The most intuitive feeling is that the website or application loads slowly or cannot be accessed.</li><li>By checking the server performance, you will find that the CPU and memory usage rates have soared.</li><li>Use web server logs and application logs to view a large number of HTTP requests, most of which are repeated accesses to a single interface. .</li><li>By using traffic monitoring tools (such as Wireshark, NetFlow) to analyze traffic patterns, it is found that there are abnormal traffic that exceeds expectations. These traffic flows are often regular, such as appearing at fixed times of the day.</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">2. Protocol layer attacks</h3><ul><li>The intuitive feeling is similar to that of the web layer being attacked, both of which are increased network connection delays.</li><li>The server connection table is exhausted and new connections cannot be established, resulting in inaccessibility.</li><li>The difference is that because it is only a large number of requests at layer 3/4, the business side will not receive a large number of HTTP requests, and the application layer logs are often more hidden.</li><li>Because there are a large number of TCP SYN requests, UDP packets or ICMP Echo requests, a large number of TCP SYN requests, UDP packets or ICMP Echo requests can be seen in the network device log and firewall log.</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">3. Capacity exhaustion attack</h3><ul><li>The network bandwidth is exhausted and legitimate traffic cannot pass. The abnormal bandwidth usage request can be seen through the grid bandwidth monitoring tool.</li><li>Because there are a large number of amplified response packets, the traffic pattern can be analyzed through the traffic monitoring tool to identify the amplified response packets.</li><li>This process is also accompanied by the performance degradation of network devices (such as routers and switches).</li></ul><h2 id="How-to-Respond-to-DDoS-Attacks?">How to Respond to DDoS Attacks?</h2>If you suspect your network is being targeted by a DDoS attack, immediate action is necessary:<ol><li>Contact Your ISP: Inform your Internet Service Provider of the potential DDoS attack. They can help by rerouting traffic or implementing filters to block malicious traffic.</li><li>Use DDoS Mitigation Tools: Employ services or tools designed for DDoS mitigation. These can absorb or deflect the overflow of traffic, protecting your network's integrity.</li><li>Analyze and Adapt: After the attack, analyze its nature and impact. Use this information to strengthen your network's defenses against future incidents.</li></ol><h2 id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h2>In order to enhance the effect of the attack, attackers usually use a combination of these different attack methods to launch attacks together, causing all-round impacts. These impacts are often very obvious. From subjective experience, abnormal traffic, access response cache or even failure, abnormal high machine load, etc., it can be judged that a DDoS attack has occurred.Recognizing the signs of a DDoS attack is the first step in defending against them. As cyber threats continue to evolve, staying informed and prepared is vital. By understanding the indicators of such attacks and knowing how to respond, you can protect your network from significant harm and ensure its resilience against future threats.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/">Tencent EdgeOne</a> offers robust DDoS protection, which is integral for maintaining the availability and security of websites and services. Here are some key advantages:<ul><li>Comprehensive Protection: EdgeOne provides extensive DDoS protection that safeguards against various types of attacks, ensuring your services remain online and unaffected.</li><li>Real-time Alarms: The platform features real-time alerts that notify administrators of ongoing attacks, allowing for quick response and mitigation.</li><li>Detailed Attack Logs: Detailed logs of attack attempts are available within the console, offering transparency and aiding in future prevention strategies.</li><li>Global Reach: With edge servers located globally, EdgeOne ensures that traffic can be re-routed and managed efficiently, providing seamless services to users worldwide.</li></ul>These features collectively contribute to a resilient security infrastructure capable of protecting against sophisticated DDoS threats. We have now launched a free trial, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">Click Here</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">Contact Us</a> for more information.

How to Tell if My Network is Being DDoS: Signs I'm Getting DDoSed

Case Analysis of DDoS Attacks From 2023 To 2024

What are the Impacts of DDoS Attacks on Enterprises?

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<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/1f07f36b-48e0-4b9d-ab82-d57ed90304e9.png" alt="Analyzing DDoS Attacks and Their Impact on Enterprises: 2023-2024 Case Studies">A Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a widespread and highly destructive type of cyber attack designed to overwhelm a target server with massive amounts of malicious traffic, rendering it unable to provide normal services. Unlike traditional Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that use a single device, DDoS attacks typically rely on multiple controlled devices (often called botnets) spread across the globe, significantly increasing the difficulty of defense and leading to more severe service disruptions.<h2 id="How-do-DDoS-Attacks-Work?" id="How-do-DDoS-Attacks-Work?" id="How-do-DDoS-Attacks-Work?" style="margin-left:0px;">How do DDoS Attacks Work?</h2>Attackers first control many ordinary users' computers, servers, or Internet of Things devices through various means to form a vast botnet. These controlled devices then send a huge amount of data requests to the target system at the same time, quickly exhausting the target system's bandwidth and resources, causing it to be unable to respond to normal user requests, and ultimately paralyzing the entire system.<h2 id="Case-Analysis-of-DDoS-Attacks-From-2023-To-2024" id="Case-Analysis-of-DDoS-Attacks-From-2023-To-2024" id="Case-Analysis-of-DDoS-Attacks-From-2023-To-2024" style="margin-left:0px;">Case Analysis of DDoS Attacks From 2023 To 2024</h2>During the period from 2023 to 2024, many well-known enterprises became targets of DDoS attacks. Here are several typical cases:<ol><li>Facebook&nbsp;</li></ol>In May 2023, Facebook, the global social media giant, experienced an unprecedented large-scale DDoS attack. Although Facebook has industry-leading security protection systems, the complexity and scale of the attack exceeded expectations, resulting in some services being inaccessible for several hours. The attack not only affected the daily communication of millions of ordinary users but also brought potential economic losses to businesses that rely on Facebook's advertising platform. Facebook quickly took additional protective measures afterward and used advanced artificial intelligence technology to identify possible future threats.<ol start="2"><li>Amazon AWS&nbsp;</li></ol>At the beginning of 2024, Amazon's AWS cloud service platform experienced a complex DDoS attack. Attackers used multi-level attack techniques, targeting not only individual services but also launching attacks across multiple regions, resulting in brief interruptions of some services in several AWS regions. Although the AWS team quickly initiated emergency response measures and successfully mitigated the main impact of the attack, the incident still exposed some potential vulnerabilities in the existing defense mechanisms. Afterward, AWS invested heavily in upgrading its protection systems and released more detailed security guides to help customers deal with similar threats.<ol start="3"><li>GitHub&nbsp;</li></ol>As the world's largest code hosting platform, GitHub is often a target of DDoS attacks. At the end of 2023, GitHub experienced another serious DDoS attack that lasted for about two days. Although the platform quickly implemented efficient defense measures, some developers were still unable to access and use the platform for a short time. This attack prompted GitHub to optimize its security strategy further, innovating in defense technology and strengthening cooperation with major global internet service providers to ensure a faster and more effective response to future attacks.<ol start="4"><li>Microsoft Azure&nbsp;</li></ol>Microsoft's cloud computing platform, Azure, is a core dependency for many enterprises worldwide. In April 2023, Azure became the target of a large-scale DDoS attack, resulting in service interruptions in some regions for several hours. The attack not only affected enterprise customers across various industries but also impacted online systems of public services such as government agencies and educational departments.<ol start="5"><li>Twitter&nbsp;</li></ol>As one of the world's most famous instant messaging platforms, Twitter experienced a massive DDoS attack at the end of 2023. Although the platform quickly recovered, the brief interruption still affected millions of users, especially the dissemination of real-time news and emergency information. This incident made the public aware of the importance and vulnerability of social media platforms in the information society.<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;" start="6"><li>Zoom&nbsp;</li></ol>In the new normal of work after the pandemic, Zoom has always been under great traffic pressure as a core tool for video conferencing. In May 2024, Zoom experienced an organized DDoS attack, disrupting video conferencing services in some regions. This incident hindered the remote work and teaching of many enterprises and schools, highlighting the necessity of ensuring the stability of remote communication platforms.<h2 id="What-are-the-Impacts-of-DDoS-Attacks-on-Enterprises?" id="What-are-the-Impacts-of-DDoS-Attacks-on-Enterprises?" id="What-are-the-Impacts-of-DDoS-Attacks-on-Enterprises?" style="margin-left:0px;">What are the Impacts of DDoS Attacks on Enterprises?</h2><ol><li>Economic loss</li></ol>DDoS attacks can directly cause service interruptions for enterprises, resulting in customers being unable to access normally, leading to revenue loss. In addition, the emergency technical support and repair costs required to respond to the attack are also significant expenses.<ol start="2"><li>Damage to brand reputation</li></ol>Frequent service interruptions can seriously affect user experience, reduce users' trust in the brand, and thereby damage the company's market position and public image.<ol start="3"><li>Data security risks</li></ol>In some cases, DDoS attacks may just be a cover, with the real purpose being to distract attention to carry out other more destructive attacks, such as data breaches or interception.<h2 id="How-to-Deal-with-DDoS-Attacks?" id="How-to-Deal-with-DDoS-Attacks?" id="How-to-Deal-with-DDoS-Attacks?" style="margin-left:0px;">How to Deal with DDoS Attacks?</h2><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/9104fd51-5da5-4e3a-880b-e1089d8388b6.jpg" alt="how to deal with DDoS attacks">To effectively deal with DDoS attacks, enterprises, and organizations can adopt the following strategies:<ol><li>Improve monitoring and early warning capabilities&nbsp;</li></ol>Use advanced network monitoring tools to monitor abnormal traffic and potential threats in real-time, achieving early detection and response.<ol start="2"><li>Establish redundant systems&nbsp;</li></ol>Configuring multiple data centers, load balancing, etc., to distribute traffic, ensuring that a single point of failure does not lead to a complete service outage.<ol start="3"><li>Cooperate with professional security service providers&nbsp;</li></ol>Utilize professional DDoS protection services to quickly clean malicious traffic and update protection rules to resist new threats.<h2 id="EdgeOne-DDoS-Protection" id="EdgeOne-DDoS-Protection" id="EdgeOne-DDoS-Protection" style="margin-left:0px;">EdgeOne DDoS Protection</h2><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/452f99c9-d3f0-403e-8e3b-dc0b546a3a04.jpg" alt="EdgeOne DDoS Protection"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/">Tencent EdgeOne</a> provides and enables protection against L3/L4 traffic-based DDoS attacks for all connected enterprises. It monitors network traffic in real-time and immediately performs traffic cleaning and filtering upon detecting a DDoS attack.The default protection specifications of the EdgeOne platform provide basic DDoS protection capabilities and resources for all businesses accessing EdgeOne, offering basic protection for most site operations and daily TCP/UDP applications. On this basis, for businesses that are expected to face a higher risk of severe DDoS attacks, need to maintain long connections, or require customized traffic control strategies, EdgeOne offers exclusive DDoS protection solutions that meet corresponding traffic filtering needs.<h2 id="Conclusion" id="Conclusion" id="Conclusion" style="margin-left:0px;">Conclusion</h2>DDoS attacks, as an evolving cyber threat, pose a significant challenge to the normal operation of enterprises. By deeply understanding the attack principles and typical cases in recent years, we can more comprehensively recognize this threat and take effective protective measures to ensure the long-term stable operation of enterprises. As DDoS attack methods continue to escalate, enterprise security protection becomes particularly important.The EdgeOne platform, with its advanced <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/products/ddos-protection">DDoS Protection</a> technology, can monitor and analyze network traffic in real-time, and accurately identify abnormal attack behaviors. Through intelligent defense strategies, it effectively resists various DDoS attacks, ensuring the stability and security of enterprise networks. Choosing EdgeOne allows enterprises to move forward steadily in the complex network environment, fearless of DDoS threats. We have now launched <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">a Free Trial</a>, welcome to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">Contact Us</a> for more information.

Analyzing DDoS Attacks and Their Impact on Enterprises: 2023-2024 Case Studies

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Top Tools for Performing DDoS Attacks: An In-Depth Analysis

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In today's interconnected digital landscape, DDoS attacks have become a significant threat to the stability and security of online services. The frequency and complexity of DDoS attacks have been increasing. The consequences of such attacks are far-reaching, impacting not only the targeted entities but also their customers and users, resulting in a loss of trust and potential legal consequences. As the digital world expands, the need for effective DDoS mitigation strategies and enhanced cybersecurity measures has never been more crucial.<h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">What is DDoS?&nbsp;</h3>Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks represent a significant threat in the cybersecurity landscape. These attacks aim to overwhelm a target system, network, or service with a flood of internet traffic, rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users.Common types of DDoS attacks include:<ul><li>Volume-based attacks: Flooding the target with massive amounts of traffic</li><li>Protocol attacks: Exploiting vulnerabilities in network protocols</li><li>Application layer attacks: Targeting specific applications or services</li></ul><h3 style="margin-left:0pt;">How to Perform a DDoS Attack?</h3>Cyber attackers typically employ DDoS attack tools to disrupt the normal operations of targeted websites, servers, or networks by overwhelming them with a flood of internet traffic. These tools exploit multiple compromised computer systems as sources of attack traffic. Devices can include computers and other networked resources such as IoT devices. The sophistication and availability of these tools have increased over the years, making it easier for attackers to launch large-scale attacks.Using DDoS tools to conduct cyber attacks for malicious purposes is illegal and unethical, but similar incidents occur frequently and the number is increasing significantly. So what tools can be used to conduct DDoS attacks? Understanding these tools is crucial to developing effective defenses.&nbsp;The following provides a comprehensive overview of the tools commonly used to perform DDoS attacks and their principles and mechanisms, along with an introduction to the DDoS protection capabilities of the EdgeOne product.<h2 id="LOIC-(Low-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" id="LOIC-(Low-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" style="margin-left:0pt;">LOIC (Low Orbit Ion Cannon)</h2><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/7d7944f1-188b-4194-8f0f-9fd61f6cc556.jpeg" alt="LOIC (Low Orbit Ion Cannon)">Description: Originally developed for network stress testing, LOIC has been repurposed for DDoS attacks. It is an open source tool that allows users to attack the target server by sending a large number of requests. LOIC can use a single user or multiple users to work together to form a distributed attack, thereby increasing the power of the attack. This tool also has a HIVEMIND mode. It lets attacker control remote LOIC systems to perform a DDOS attack. This feature is used to control all other computers in your zombie network. This tool can be used for both DOS attacks and DDOS attacks against any website or server. The most important thing you should know is that LOIC does nothing to hide your IP address.Mechanism: It can flood a target with TCP, UDP, or HTTP requests.Usage: Often used in coordinated attacks by hacktivist groups like Anonymous.<h2 id="HOIC-(High-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" id="HOIC-(High-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" style="margin-left:0pt;">HOIC (High Orbit Ion Cannon)</h2><figure class="image"><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/47da198c-9e0c-47fb-8330-8d504d4b67fc.jpeg" alt="HOIC (High Orbit Ion Cannon)"></figure>Description: An advanced version of LOIC, HOIC is more powerful and versatile. Unlike LOIC, HOIC can use multiple proxy servers, thereby hiding the attacker's real IP address. This makes it more difficult to track and block the attack.Mechanism: It can launch HTTP floods with customizable attack patterns and supports "booster scripts" to increase the attack's effectiveness.Usage: Suitable for more sophisticated DDoS attacks.<h2 id="XOIC-(eXtreme-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" id="XOIC-(eXtreme-Orbit-Ion-Cannon)" style="margin-left:0pt;">XOIC (eXtreme Orbit Ion Cannon)</h2>Description: XOIC is a tool used for conducting Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It is designed to be user-friendly, making it accessible even to those with limited technical knowledge. Developers of XOIC claim that XOIC is more powerful than LOIC in many ways. The tool comes with three attacking modes. The first one, known as test mode, is very basic. The second is normal DOS attack mode. The last one is a DOS attack mode that comes with a TCP/HTTP/UDP/ICMP Message. The tool supports multiple attack methods, including:&nbsp;<ul><li>TCP Flood: Sends a large number of TCP packets to the target, overwhelming its ability to process legitimate requests.</li><li>UDP Flood: Sends a flood of UDP packets to the target, consuming its bandwidth and resources.</li><li>HTTP Flood: Generates a high volume of HTTP requests to overwhelm web servers.</li></ul>Mechanism: It performs a DOS attack an any server with an IP address, a user-selected port, and a user-selected protocol. The user configures the type of attack (TCP, UDP, or HTTP) and sets parameters such as packet size and the number of threads. Once configured, the user initiates the attack. XOIC then generates and sends a large volume of packets to the target, aiming to overwhelm its resources.<h2 id="Botnets" id="Botnets" style="margin-left:0pt;">Botnets</h2><img class="image_resized" style="width:50%;" src="https://edgeone.ai/media/5ada7257-4ec6-4037-b5d9-15bd09c60d8b.jpeg" alt="Botnets to Perform DDoS Attacks">Description: Networks of compromised computers (bots) controlled by an attacker.&nbsp;These infected devices can be PCs, servers, smartphones, or even Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Botnets are usually spread through malware to infect these devices, which attackers infect with malware and bring into a centralized control.&nbsp;Mechanism: Botnets can launch large-scale DDoS attacks by coordinating the actions of thousands or even millions of infected devices.&nbsp;It can generally be divided into infection stage, control stage, and attack stage.Examples: Mirai, which targets IoT devices, is a well-known botnet used for DDoS attacks.<h2 id="Slowloris" id="Slowloris" style="margin-left:0pt;">Slowloris</h2>Description: A tool designed to keep many connections to the target web server open and hold them open as long as possible. It sends partial HTTP requests, keeping the server's resources tied up and unable to serve legitimate users.Mechanism: Slowloris send partial HTTP requests to the target server, but do not complete them. Only send the HTTP header information. Periodically send small amounts of data (the continuation of the HTTP header) to prevent the server from closing the connection. The server allocates resources (such as memory and processing power) for each unfinished request. A large number of unfinished requests will exhaust the server resources. When the server resources are exhausted, it cannot process new legitimate requests, resulting in service interruption.Usage: Effective against certain types of web servers, particularly those with limited connection handling capabilities.<h2 id="R-U-Dead-Yet-(RUDY)" id="R-U-Dead-Yet-(RUDY)" style="margin-left:0pt;">R-U-Dead-Yet (RUDY)</h2>Description: Targets web applications by injecting long form field submissions. It performs a DOS attack with a long form field submission via the POST method. This tool comes with an interactive console menu. It detects forms on a given URL and lets users select which forms and fields should be used for a POST-based DOS attack.Mechanism: Exploits the HTTP POST method to keep connections open and exhaust server resources.Usage: Particularly effective against web applications with form submission functionalities.<h2 id="Xerxes" id="Xerxes" style="margin-left:0pt;">Xerxes</h2>Description: Xerxes is a tool specifically designed to attack web servers. Known for its simplicity and effectiveness, Xerxes can overwhelm a target server with a flood of requests, leading to service disruption. It is often used in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks aimed at making the target server unable to handle legitimate user requests.Mechanism: Xerxes can generate a large number of HTTP requests, which are simultaneously sent to the target server. Xerxes can spoof the source addresses of the requests, making it difficult for the server to distinguish between legitimate and malicious requests. Xerxes utilizes multi-threading or multi-processing techniques to create a large number of concurrent connections, maximizing the attack's impact.Usage: Often used in targeted DDoS attacks against specific web servers.<h2 id="EdgeOne-DDoS-Protection" id="EdgeOne-DDoS-Protection" style="margin-left:0pt;">EdgeOne DDoS Protection</h2>There are many similar tools, such as HULK, DDOSIM, PyLoris, DAVOSET, Tor’s Hammer, etc. If you are interested, you can explore them further. Understanding common DDoS tools is crucial for effective DDoS protection. By familiarizing yourself with the methods and mechanisms these tools employ, you can better anticipate potential threats and develop robust defense strategies. This knowledge enables you to identify vulnerabilities in your network, implement appropriate security measures, and respond swiftly to mitigate the impact of an attack.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/">Tencent EdgeOne</a> provides protection against L3/L4 traffic-based DDoS attacks for all connected businesses. It monitors network traffic in real time and immediately performs traffic cleaning and filtering when a DDoS attack is detected. The DDoS protection feature offers preset protection policies based on attack profiles, behavior pattern analysis, AI intelligent recognition, and other protection algorithms to detect and filter various types of DDoS attacks. We have now launched a free trial, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">Click Here</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">Contact Us</a> for more information.

Top Tools to Perform DDoS Attacks In 2024

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<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/41dd3d00-3f35-4b2c-9050-58c6668d8380.png" alt="Understanding CNAME: A Type of DNS Record and Its Application in CDN"><h2 id="What-is-a-CNAME-Record?">What is a CNAME Record?</h2>A CNAME (Canonical Name) Record is a type of data record in the Domain Name System (DNS) that specifies that a domain name is an alias for another domain, the "canonical" domain. All information, including subdomains, IP addresses, etc., is defined by the canonical domain. This is particularly useful for pointing many domains to the same website or providing multiple services, such as FTP and web, under one domain.<h3>Advantages of CNAME</h3>Using CNAME records provides several advantages in managing domain names and web services. Some of the key benefits include:<ul><li>Simplified management: CNAME records make it easier to manage multiple domain names pointing to the same target domain. If the IP address of the target domain changes, you only need to update the A record for the target domain, and all the CNAME records pointing to it will automatically follow the change. This simplifies the management process and reduces the chances of errors.</li><li>Flexibility: CNAME records provide flexibility in organizing your domain structure. You can create aliases for different services, such as email, FTP, and subdomains, and point them to the appropriate server or service provider. This allows you to easily change service providers or reorganize your domain structure without affecting the end user's experience.</li><li>Load balancing: CNAME records can be used for distributing traffic among multiple servers hosting the same content. By creating multiple CNAME records pointing to different servers, you can balance the load among them, improving the performance and reliability of your website.</li><li>CDN integration: CNAME records can be used to integrate your domain with a Content Delivery Network (CDN). CDNs distribute your content across multiple servers in different locations, improving the speed and performance of your website. By creating a CNAME record pointing to the CDN's domain, you can direct your website's traffic through the CDN.</li><li>Seamless redirection: CNAME records allow you to redirect users from one domain to another seamlessly. For example, if you want to redirect users from www.example.com to example.com, you can create a CNAME record pointing www.example.com to example.com. Users visiting www.example.com will be automatically redirected to example.com without noticing any change in their browsing experience.</li><li>Easier DNS management: CNAME records can help reduce the complexity of your DNS configuration by consolidating multiple domains under a single target domain. This can make it easier to manage and maintain your DNS records, especially when dealing with many domains.</li></ul>Overall, using CNAME records can provide significant advantages in managing your domain names and web services, making it a valuable tool in your DNS toolkit.<h2 id="Examples-of-CNAME-Records">Examples of CNAME Records</h2>CNAME records can be beneficial in managing domain names and web services. Here are some common use cases and examples:<h3>1. Load balancing</h3>CNAME records can be used to distribute traffic between multiple servers hosting the same content. By creating multiple CNAME records pointing to different servers, you can balance the load among them and improve the performance and reliability of your website.CNAME Example:CNAME Record: www.example.com Target Domains: server1.examplehosting.com, server2.examplehosting.com<h3>2. Simplifying domain management</h3>If you have multiple domain names pointing to the same website, using CNAME records can simplify domain management. Instead of updating the IP address for each domain when it changes, you can update the IP address for the target domain, and all the CNAME records pointing to it will automatically follow the change.CNAME Example:<ul><li>CNAME Record: example1.com, example2.com, example3.com</li><li>Target Domain: mainwebsite.com</li></ul><h3>3. Hosting multiple services under one domain</h3>You can use CNAME records to host multiple services, such as email, FTP, and web, under one domain. By creating CNAME records for each service, you can point them to the appropriate server or service provider.CNAME Example1:<ul><li>CNAME Record: mail.example.com</li><li>Target Domain: emailserviceprovider.com</li></ul>CNAME Example2:<ul><li>CNAME Record: ftp.example.com</li><li>Target Domain: ftpserviceprovider.com</li></ul><h3>4. Content Delivery Networks (CDN)</h3>CNAME records can be used to integrate your domain with a Content Delivery Network (CDN). CDNs distribute your content across multiple servers in different locations, improving the speed and performance of your website. By creating a CNAME record pointing to the CDN's domain, you can direct your website's traffic through the CDN.CNAME Example:<ul><li>CNAME Record: cdn.example.com</li><li>Target Domain: examplecdnprovider.com</li></ul>These are just a few examples of the many use cases and scenarios where CNAME records can be beneficial in managing domain names and web services.<h2 id="How-does-CNAME-Work-in-a-CDN?">How does CNAME Work in a CDN?</h2>DNS records for a CDN (Content Delivery Network) are typically CNAME records that point your domain or subdomain to the CDN provider's servers. A CNAME (Canonical Name) record is used in a CDN to map your domain or subdomain to the CDN provider's domain. These records help ensure that the content is delivered to users from the nearest CDN server, improving site performance and reducing latency. Here's how CNAME works in a CDN:<ol><li>Set up your CDN: When you sign up for a CDN service, the provider will give you a unique domain name, often called a CDN hostname or an edge domain (e.g., yourname.cdndomain.com). This domain is used to access the CDN's servers that store and distribute your content.</li><li>Create a CNAME record: In your domain's DNS settings, create a CNAME record that points your desired domain or subdomain (e.g., cdn.example.com) to the CDN provider's domain (e.g., yourname.cdndomain.com). This will map your domain to the CDN's domain, allowing your users to access your content through the CDN.</li><li>Update your website's URLs: Modify your website's URLs to use the new CNAME record (e.g., cdn.example.com) instead of the original domain or subdomain. This ensures that your users' requests for your content are directed to the CDN.</li><li>Content request and delivery: When a user visits your website and requests a resource (e.g., an image, CSS file, or JavaScript file), their browser sends a request to the CNAME domain (e.g., cdn.example.com). Since the CNAME record maps to the CDN provider's domain, the request is forwarded to the CDN.</li><li>CDN edge server selection: The CDN uses a technique called Anycast to route the user's request to the nearest edge server in its network. This ensures that the content is served from a server that is geographically close to the user, reducing latency and improving the website's performance.</li><li>Content caching and delivery: The CDN edge server checks if the requested content is already cached. If it is, the content is delivered directly to the user. If not, the edge server fetches the content from your origin server, caches it, and then delivers it to the user. This caching mechanism helps reduce the load on your origin server and improves the speed and reliability of your website.</li></ol>By using a CNAME record to map your domain to a CDN provider's domain, you can leverage the benefits of a CDN to improve your website's performance, speed, and reliability.<h2 id="How-to-Check-a-CNAME-Record?">How to Check a CNAME Record?</h2>There are several ways to find the CNAME records associated with a domain:<ol><li>Online tools: Many websites offer free DNS lookup tools that allow you to check CNAME records for a specific domain. We provide a free online <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/tools/dns-records">DNS Records Tool</a> that can lookup DNS records to obtain detailed DNS information. You can check DNS records for any domain.</li><li>Command-line tools: If you prefer using the command line, you can use tools like "nslookup" on Windows or "dig" on macOS and Linux. Simply enter the command followed by the domain name you want to check, and the tool will return the CNAME records associated with the domain.</li><li>DNS management console: If you have access to the DNS management console for the domain, you can view and edit the CNAME records directly. This is typically available through your domain registrar or web hosting provider.</li></ol><h2 id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h2>CNAME is an essential DNS record that allows businesses to maintain a consistent online presence across multiple domain names. Its application in CDN ensures that users experience faster website loading times and improved performance. By understanding how CNAME works and how to find CNAME records, you can better manage your website's DNS settings and optimize its performance.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/products/edgeone">Tencent EdgeOne</a> provides comprehensive DNS services to ensure optimal performance and manageability of your domains. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/document/54506">EdgeOne DNS services</a> benefit from their edge nodes, which are globally deployed servers providing local access service. These nodes improve responsiveness and connection speed by caching static resources or optimizing origin-pull linkages for dynamic content. For securing this DNS service and enhancing reliability, EdgeOne also offers <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/document/56398">DDoS protection</a> and supports various filtering rules based on ports, protocols, source IP regions, and packet characteristics. We have now launched <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">a Free Trial</a>, welcome to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">Contact Us</a> for more information.

What is a CNAME Record and How it works in CDN?

Understanding CNAME: A Type of DNS Record and Its Application in CDN

Intro

How Tencent EdgeOne Optimizes the K-Drama Viewing Experience？

The 8 Best K-Drama Apps in 2024.png

MediaOne

<h2 id="What-is-K-Drama？">What is K-Drama？</h2>K-Drama refers to Korean dramas, which are television series produced in South Korea. K-Dramas are known for their high production values, compelling storylines, and talented actors. They cover a wide range of genres, including romance, comedy, action, thriller, and historical dramas, among others. K-Dramas are popular not only in Korea but also in other countries, including China, Japan, and the United States, where they have gained a large following.&nbsp;<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/0255e1dc-fe44-470a-813c-271b20d01929.png" alt="The 8 Best K-Drama Apps in 2024.png"><h2 id="The-8-Best-K-Drama-Apps">The 8 Best K-Drama Apps</h2>1. VikiViki is a popular streaming platform that offers a wide range of Korean dramas, Korean Movies, Korean Variety Shows, KPOP Award Shows, &nbsp;and much more, &nbsp;with subtitles in multiple languages. It also provides access to a vibrant community of fans who contribute to subtitle translations.Key Features：<ul><li>Access to thousands of subtitled Asian dramas, TV series, variety shows, and movies in 150+ languages.</li><li>Offers a community-powered subtitle translation feature.</li><li>Available on multiple platforms, including web, mobile, and TV.</li><li>Provides a free version with ads and a premium version without ads.</li></ul>2. KOCOWAKOCOWA is a premium streaming service that provides access to a wide range of Korean dramas, variety shows, and K-Pop content. It offers English subtitles and is available in the United States and Canada.Key Features：<ul><li>Offers a wide range of Korean dramas, variety shows, and K-Pop content.</li><li>Provides access to exclusive content from three major Korean broadcasters: KBS, MBC, and SBS.</li><li>Known for its high-quality streaming and user-friendly interface.</li><li>Offers a free trial period and a monthly subscription fee.</li></ul>3. iFlixiFlix is a subscription-based streaming platform that offers a wide range of movies, TV shows, and original content from different countries such as Korea, Japan, China, and the United States. It is available in over 20 countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, and provides subtitles in multiple languages.Key Features：<ul><li>Offers a wide range of movies, TV shows, and original content from various countries, including Korea, Japan, China, and the United States.</li><li>Available in several countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.</li><li>Provides subtitles in multiple languages.</li><li>Offers a free trial period and a monthly subscription fee.</li></ul>4. OnDemandKoreaOnDemandKorea is a free streaming platform that offers Korean dramas, variety shows, and movies. It provides English subtitles and is available in the United States and Canada.Key Features：<ul><li>Offers a wide range of Korean dramas, variety shows, and movies.</li><li>Provides access to live TV channels from Korea.</li><li>Available in the United States and Canada.</li><li>Offers a free version with ads and a premium version without ads.</li></ul>5. ViuViu is a streaming platform that offers Korean dramas, variety shows, and movies with subtitles in multiple languages. It is available in several countries, including Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.Key Features：<ul><li>Offers a wide range of Korean dramas, variety shows, and movies, as well as content from other Asian countries.</li><li>Provides access to a download feature for offline viewing.</li><li>Available in several countries, including Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.</li><li>Offers a free version with ads and a premium version without ads.</li></ul>6. KBS WorldKBS World is a streaming platform that offers Korean dramas, variety shows, and news programs with English subtitles. It is available worldwide and provides access to content from the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS).Key Features：<ul><li>Offers a wide range of Korean dramas, variety shows, and news programs with English subtitles.</li><li>Provides access to content from the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS).</li><li>Provides access to live TV channels from Korea.</li><li>Provides a free version with ads and a premium version without ads.</li></ul>7. DramacoolDramacool is a free streaming platform that offers Korean dramas, variety shows, and movies with subtitles in multiple languages. It provides access to a large library of content and is available worldwide.Key Features：<ul><li>Large library of Asian dramas, movies, and TV shows.</li><li>Subtitles available in multiple languages.</li><li>Offers a download feature for offline viewing.</li><li>Completely free to use.</li></ul>8. NetflixNetflix is a global streaming platform that offers a wide range of Korean dramas, movies, and documentaries. It provides subtitles and dubbing in multiple languages, making it accessible to a global audience.Key Features：<ul><li>Large library of Korean dramas, movies, and documentaries.</li><li>Offers a download feature for offline viewing.</li><li>Provides access to exclusive content and original productions.</li><li>&nbsp;No free trial period and offers a monthly subscription fee.</li></ul><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/b347ac8a-f0f7-4e1c-a818-2a37f1a02e95.jpg" alt=" Rakuten Viki - Large Asian Drama Collection, Download Feature, Exclusive Content, Subscription Service"><h2 id="5-Popular-K-Dramas-to-Watch">5 Popular K-Dramas to Watch</h2>1. Reply 1988A coming-of-age drama about a group of friends and their families living in a neighborhood in Seoul in the late 1980s.Where to Watch: Netflix, Prime Video2. Crash Landing on YouA romantic comedy about a South Korean heiress who accidentally lands in North Korea and falls in love with a North Korean soldier.Where to Watch: Netflix3. HealerA romantic thriller drama about a messenger who solves people's problems and a young reporter who uncovers a web of corruption and conspiracy.Where to Watch: Viki, Netflix, KOCOWA4. Lovely RunnerA top star ends his life, his top fan somehow ends up at a time when they were in high school and tries to protect him.Where to Watch: Viki, Netflix5. SignalA crime thriller about a detective who communicates with a detective from the past through a mysterious walkie-talkie to solve cold cases and prevent crimes.Where to Watch: Netflix, Disney+ Hotstar, Tubi<h2 id="How-Tencent-EdgeOne-Optimizes-the-K-Drama-Viewing-Experience？">How Tencent EdgeOne Optimizes the K-Drama Viewing Experience？</h2><a href="https://edgeone.ai/solutions/media">Tencent EdgeOne</a> provides an exceptional media experience on a global scale. Ensure your business can enjoy smooth video streaming even during peak hours or on weak networks.<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/3ada75d0-443c-453a-a2f2-d8bca274e714.png" alt="Tencent EdgeOne Media and Entertainment solution.png">1. Global CoverageEdgeOne boasts over 3,200 edge nodes across 70+ countries and regions worldwide, with a bandwidth capacity of 200 Tbps+. This ensures smooth, uninterrupted playback during peak user activity, delivering a stable, seamless, and rich viewing experience.2. Deliver stutter-free playbackEdgeOne supports QUIC protocol transmission, which can transfer more data with a lower bandwidth, enabling high-quality data transfer even under poor network conditions with a high packet loss rate and network latency, ensuring smooth playback and real-time interaction of audio and video.3. Reducing costsEdgeOne provides instant transcoding capability generates and delivers transcoded content instantly upon user request, faster than traditional methods. Users only store original files, eliminating transcoded files and significantly reducing storage costs.Tencent Edgeone has now launched a free trial offer. <a href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">Click here</a> to start free trial or <a href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">contact us</a> for more information.

The 8 Best K-Drama Apps in 2024

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<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/a71d91a1-1345-4792-bda5-97ec51218a05.png" alt="What is TS File Format and How to Play TS Videos?">Many people may not be familiar with the TS file format, as it is not as popular as the MP4 format. To help you better understand TS videos, this article will provide detailed information about the origin of the TS video format, its applications, how to open it, and how to edit and convert it.<h2 id="What-is-a-TS-Video?">What is a TS Video?</h2>A TS file, short for Transport Stream, is a type of video file format used for storing, transmitting, and playing digital video and audio streams. TS is an encapsulated format, also known as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream">MPEG2-TS</a>. MPEG2-TS is a standard data container format for transmitting and storing audio and video, as well as program and system information protocol data. It is mainly used in digital broadcasting systems, such as DVB, ATSC, and IPTV. The transport stream was originally designed for broadcasting. Later, by adding a 4-byte time code (TC) to the standard 188-byte data packet, making it a 192-byte data packet, it was adapted for use with digital cameras, video recorders, and players.MPEG2 is a multimedia transmission and multiplexing technology that can provide hundreds of program channels in digital TV broadcasting. Multiplexing means that multiple layers of programs can be transmitted simultaneously. In the MPEG-2 standard, there are two different types of bitstreams output to the channel: one is the program stream (PS), which is suitable for scenarios without transmission errors, and the other is the transport stream (TS), which is suitable for scenarios with channel noise.&nbsp;The program stream is used for stable and reliable media, such as optical discs (e.g. DVD/CD), while the transport stream is used for unstable transmission, such as terrestrial or satellite broadcasting. In addition, the transport stream can transmit multiple programs, and they do not have a hierarchical relationship. Logically, they are all composed of PES (Packetized Elementary Stream) packets, so they can be easily converted between each other.<h2 id="What-is-TS-File-Format?">What is TS File Format?</h2>TS videos (streams) can be divided into three layers: the TS layer (Transport Stream), the PES layer (Packetized Elementary Stream), and the ES layer (Elementary Stream).The ES layer contains the audio and video data, the PES layer adds information about the data frames, such as time stamps, to the audio and video data, and the TS layer adds necessary information for data stream identification and transmission to the PES layer. A TS video (stream) is composed of multiple TS packets.<h3 style="margin-left:0px;">TS Layer</h3>The size of a TS packet is fixed at 188 bytes. The TS layer is divided into three parts: TS header, Adaptation Field, and Payload. The TS header is fixed at 4 bytes. The Adaptation Field may or may not exist and is mainly used to fill in data that is less than 188 bytes. The Payload contains the PES data.<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/a3573532-6f49-4ffb-b132-29db8c08fe25.png" alt="transport stream syntax diagram"><h4 style="margin-left:0px;">1. TS Header</h4>TS packet header provides information about the transmission.The length of the TS packet header is not fixed. The first 4 bytes are fixed, and there may be an adaptation field following the header. The 4 bytes are the minimum header length.The structure fields of the packet header are as follows:<ul><li>sync_byte (Synchronization byte): Fixed at 0x47. This byte is recognized by the decoder to separate the packet header and payload.</li><li>transport_error_indicator (Transport error flag): '1' indicates that there is at least one uncorrectable error bit in the related transport packet. Once set to 1, it cannot be reset to 0 until the error is corrected.</li><li>payload_unit_start_indicator (Payload start flag): When set to 1, it indicates that the payload of the current TS packet contains the start position of PES or PSI. After the first 4 bytes, there will be an adaptation byte with a value of length for the length of the following adaptation field. Therefore, the position where the payload starts should be offset by 1+[length] bytes.</li><li>transport_priority (Transport priority flag): '1' indicates that the priority of the current TS packet is higher than other TS packets with the same PID that do not have this bit set to '1'.</li><li>PID: Indicates the type of data stored in the grouping effective payload.</li><li>transport_scrambling_control (Scrambling control flag): Indicates the encryption mode of the effective payload of the TS stream grouping. Empty packets are '00'. If the adaptation field is included in the packet header, it should not be encrypted. Other values are user-defined.</li><li>adaptation_field_control (Adaptation field control flag): Indicates whether the packet header has an adaptation field or effective payload. '00' is reserved for future use by ISO/IEC; '01' contains only effective payload without adaptation field; '10' contains only adaptation field without effective payload; '11' effective payload follows the adaptation field, and the first byte in the adaptation field indicates the length of the adaptation field, and the position where the payload starts should be offset by [length] bytes. Empty packets should be '10'.</li><li>continuity_counter (Continuity counter): Increases with each TS stream grouping with the same PID and returns to 0 after reaching the maximum value. The range is 0~15.</li></ul><h4 style="margin-left:0px;">2. TS Adaptation Field</h4>The length of the Adaptation Field should include one byte for the Transport Error Indicator flag.PCR (Program Clock Reference) is a program clock reference. PCR, DTS, and PTS are all sampling values of the same system clock. PCR is incremental, so it can be set to the DTS value, and the audio data does not need PCR.When packing the TS stream, the PAT and PMT tables do not have an Adaptation Field. If the length is insufficient, it can be filled with 0xff.Both the video stream and audio stream require an adaptation field, which is usually added to the first and last TS packets of a frame, but not added to the middle TS packets.<h4 style="margin-left:0px;">3. TS Payload</h4>The information transmitted in the Payload of a TS packet includes two types: PES packets for video and audio, as well as auxiliary data, Program Specific Information (PSI).TS packets can also be empty packets. Empty packets are used to fill the TS stream and may be inserted or deleted during demultiplexing.The ES streams of video and audio need to be packaged into PES streams. Auxiliary data (such as teletext information) does not need to be packaged into PES packets.<h3 style="margin-left:0px;">PES Layer &amp; ES Layer</h3><h4 style="margin-left:0px;">1. PES Layer</h4><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/a7413421-f15e-40be-9071-f4bfa0e0c1e6.png" alt="pes packet syntax diagram">The PES layer adds information such as time stamps to each video/audio frame. The content of a PES packet can be complex, but the most commonly used fields are:<ol><li>PES start code: Fixed at 0x000001.</li><li>Stream ID: For audio, the value is between 0xc0-0xdf, usually 0xc0. For video, the value is between 0xe0-0xef, usually 0xe0.</li><li>PES packet length: The length of the PES data that follows. A value of 0 indicates that the length is not limited, but only the video data length may exceed 0xffff.</li><li>PES data length: The length of the data that follows, with a value of 5 or 10.</li><li>PTS: A 33-bit value indicating the Presentation Time Stamp.</li><li>DTS: A 33-bit value indicating the Decoding Time Stamp.</li></ol>PTS (Presentation Time Stamp) is used for display timing, while DTS (Decoding Time Stamp) is used for decoding timing.Both video and audio data require both PTS and DTS timestamps. However, for audio data, PTS and DTS are the same, so only PTS is required.PTS and DTS are both used for B-frames. For I-frames and P-frames, PTS is equal to DTS. If a video stream does not contain B-frames, then PTS will always be equal to DTS.When reading video frames from a file, the order of the frames is the same as the order of the DTS timestamps. The DTS algorithm is relatively simple, with an initial value plus an increment. The PTS calculation is more complex and requires an offset added to the DTS.For audio PES, only PTS (same as DTS) is required, while for video I-frames and P-frames, both PTS and DTS timestamps are required. For video B-frames, only PTS (same as DTS) is required.<h4 style="margin-left:0px;">2. ES Layer</h4>The ES layer refers to the elementary stream layer, which contains the raw audio and video data.In general, video is encoded in H.264 format, while audio is encoded in AAC format.<h2 id="Why-Use-TS-File-Format?">Why Use TS File Format?</h2>As a type of container file format, the TS videos have a wide range of applications, including:1. Broadcasting and television: TS videos are commonly used in broadcasting systems such as DVB and ATSC. The format has error correction and stream synchronization functions, which can maintain transmission integrity when the signal is degraded. The most classic application of TS streams is in digital high-definition television that we use in our daily lives.2. Real-time streaming media: Apple's HTTP Live Streaming media is based on TS files. In live broadcasting, video streams are sliced or segmented into file fragments for transmission, or played sequentially through given TS file addresses.3. Blu-ray discs / Full HD videos: As a container format, TS can encapsulate MPEG-2 or VC-1 encodings, and is also a commonly used container format for Blu-ray discs and Full HD videos. Therefore, videos in the TS format usually have high video quality, large file size, and accurate restoration, making it a favorite format among high-definition enthusiasts.4. Digital cameras: To be used in digital cameras, the TS format grouping has an added 4-byte time code. In addition, with the help of time codes, it can be used to synchronize content shot by multiple cameras.The TS video format is used for several reasons：<ol><li>Error correction: TS videos are designed to handle errors better than other formats. This is crucial for data that's being streamed or broadcast over networks where data loss might occur.</li><li>Multiplexing: TS videos can contain multiple audio and video streams, as well as metadata. This makes them ideal for broadcasting applications where you might need to include multiple languages, subtitles, or additional data services.</li><li>Synchronization: The TS format includes timing information, ensuring that the audio and video streams can be correctly synchronized on playback.</li><li>Compatibility: The TS video format is part of the MPEG-2 standard, which is widely supported in both hardware and software, making it a good choice for broadcasting.</li><li>High Quality: TS videos maintain high-quality video and audio, making them suitable for professional broadcasting and production.</li></ol><h2 id="How-to-Play-TS-Videos?">How to Play TS Videos?</h2>Several programs support TS Videos:<ul><li>VLC Media Player</li><li>Windows Media Player</li><li>MPC-HC</li><li>KMPlayer</li><li>PotPlayer</li></ul>Furthermore, we provide a free online <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/tools/hls-player">M3U8 Player</a> that supports WebRTC, FLV, and HLS live streaming, as well as on-demand playback in HLS, DASH, FLV, and MP4 formats for your convenience. Feel free to use it.Some TS videos may require additional codecs to play properly. If you encounter any issues playing a TS file, you may need to install additional codecs or use a different media player.<h2 id="How-to-Convert-TS-to-MP4?">How to Convert TS to MP4?</h2>If you want to play TS video files on your mobile or other portable media player, the best way is to convert them to a more accessible format, such as MP4. While both TS and MP4 formats are used for storing video files and streaming media, they are vastly different in their applicable areas. TS is more suitable for professional streaming media playback, while MP4 is an excellent choice for storing and watching videos on computers and mobile devices. If you want to play TS video files on a mobile device, it's best to convert them to MP4 format for easier access and playback.Below is a table explaining the salient difference between TS and MP4.<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/b626fb3c-81b0-4d2d-8329-9815bbd9eeb3.png" alt="the difference between TS and MP4">To convert TS to MP4, you can use video converter software. There are many video converter software available, such as HandBrake, Freemake Video Converter, Any Video Converter, and Wondershare UniConverter. The steps to convert TS to MP4 may vary slightly depending on the software you use.<h2 id="Tencent-EdgeOne-VOD">Tencent EdgeOne VOD</h2><img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/623ce4c3-5d15-45c7-aa06-2955eac8ddbb.png" alt="Tencent EdgeOne VOD Architecture Diagram, Media Asset Management, Media Processing, Copyright Protection, Media Playback, QUIC Acceleration, Fragmented Upload, Storage Management, Content Control, Access Management"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/products/mediaone">Tencent EdgeOne <span style="color:rgb(30,111,255);font-family:Inter, Roboto, &quot;pingfang SC&quot;, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;Apple SD Gothic Neo&quot;, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;helvetica neue&quot;, arial, &quot;microsoft yahei ui&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;">Video on Demand (VOD)</a> offers comprehensive VPaaS (Video Platform as a Service) solutions, including cloud video storage, video transcoding, and video playback acceleration, cater to audio/video capture, upload, storage, automated transcoding, accelerated playback, media asset management, and audio/video communications. VOD enables swift and flexible delivery of high-quality videos, allowing you to concentrate on your business, choose services as needed, and adapt to market changes with agility. On the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/demo/template">demo page</a>, you can conveniently experience the EdgeOne video services firsthand.&nbsp;We have now launched a free trial, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/pricing">click here</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">contact us</a> for more information. And feel free to visit <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://edgeone.ai/">our official website</a>.&nbsp;

What is TS File Format and How to Play TS Videos?

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Comprehensive Guide to Multi-Scenario EdgeOne CDN Anti-Fraud Practices

Elevate your drama viewing experience with Tencent EdgeOne

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Chinese dramas have gained a global following in recent years, and with the increasing availability of streaming platforms, it's easier than ever to access these popular shows. If you're a fan of Chinese dramas or looking to explore the genre, here are the top 5 Chinese drama platforms to watch in 2024 and must-watch dramas you won't want to miss.<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/22d5f26f-796e-4127-9cdc-ed3133f064db.png" alt="Top 5 Chinese Drama Platforms.png"><h2 id="Top-5-Chinese-Drama-Platforms-in-2024">Top 5 Chinese Drama Platforms in 2024</h2>1. WeTV (Tencent Video)WeTV is a Chinese streaming platform that offers a wide range of content, including Chinese dramas, movies, variety shows, and anime. It is owned by Tencent, one of the largest technology companies in China. Tencent Video has a large user base in China and is known for its high-quality streaming and exclusive content. The platform also offers a range of features, such as live streaming, interactive games, and social networking, to enhance the user experience.2. iQIYIiQIYI is a Chinese online streaming platform featuring Chinese dramas, movies, variety shows, and anime.It was launched in 2010 and has since become one of the largest online video sites in China. iQIYI is known for its high-quality streaming and exclusive content, including original productions such as "The Bad Kids" and "The Long Ballad".&nbsp;3. VikiViki is a global streaming platform that specializes in Asian content, including Chinese dramas, variety shows, and movies. It offers subtitles in multiple languages, making it accessible to a global audience. Viki is known for its community-driven subtitle translation feature, which allows users to contribute to subtitle translations.&nbsp;4. NetflixNetflix is a global streaming platform that offers a variety of content, including Chinese dramas, movies, and documentaries. It is known for its high-quality streaming and original productions, such as the Chinese drama "The Rise of Phoenixes". Netflix offers subtitles and dubbing in multiple languages, making it accessible to a global audience. The platform also offers a range of features, such as offline viewing and personalized recommendations, to enhance the user experience.5. Mango TVMango TV is a Chinese streaming platform that offers a variety of content, including Chinese dramas, variety shows, and movies. It is owned by Hunan Broadcasting System and is known for its high-quality streaming and exclusive content. Mango TV offers a range of features, such as live streaming and interactive games, to enhance the user experience. In addition to Chinese content, Mango TV also offers international content from countries such as the United States, South Korea, and Japan.<h2 id="Top-5-Must-Watch-Dramas-in-2024">Top 5 Must-Watch Dramas in 2024</h2>1. To the Wonder Release dates: 2024, 8 episodes&nbsp;&nbsp;To the Wonder tells a Han girl who grew up in a small town in Altay, is determined to pursue her literary dream in a big city. However, she repeatedly faces obstacles and is forced to return to her hometown, where she relies on her mother's provision store for a living.<img src="https://edgeone.ai/media/d0ea55fa-712b-4adf-a6ed-c4372b0616e4.jpg" alt="To the Wonder 1.jpg">2. Mysterious Lotus Casebook Release dates: 2023, 40 episodesThe story is set in a fictional world where humans and demons coexist, and follows the journey of a young woman named Bai Yinruo, who possesses a unique ability to communicate with spirits. Along with her friends, she embarks on a journey to uncover the secrets of her past and protect the people she loves.3. Nirvana in Fire Release dates: 2015, 54 episodesThe story is set in ancient China and follows the journey of Lin Shu, a former general who seeks revenge against those who wronged his family and destroyed his kingdom. To do so, he assumes the identity of Mei Changsu, a strategist, and works to uncover the truth behind the conspiracy that led to his family's downfall.4. The Double Release dates: 2024, 40 episodesIt tells the story of Xue Fang Fei, the daughter of a well-off county magistrate who lost everything after a major upheaval. Saved by Jiang Li, the daughter of the Secretariat Director, she took on the identity of Jiang Li and returned to the capital.5. Reset Release dates: 2022, 15 episodesThe series follows Xia Tian, a top-tier scientist who is working on a time-travel project. After a tragic accident, Xia Tian finds herself transported back in time to the year 2010, where she must work to prevent the accident from happening and change the course of her future.<h2 id="Elevate-your-drama-viewing-experience-with-Tencent-EdgeOne">Elevate your drama viewing experience with Tencent EdgeOne</h2><a href="https://edgeone.ai/solutions/media">Tencent EdgeOne</a> provides an exceptional media experience on a global scale. With extensive experience in multimedia and social fields, our media and entertainment products offer industry-leading user experience and security.- Impeccable Media Transfer Speeds：EdgeOne has a global network of over 3,200 edge nodes and more than 200 Tbps of bandwidth. It uses advanced technologies like dynamic route detection, intelligent routing, and targeted path optimization to improve content delivery, ensuring seamless playback by accessing content from the nearest edge node.- Protect Your Media Assets：EdgeOne uses Anycast protection architecture, integrating DDoS protection, WAF, CC, and BOT management. With a 15 Tbps global defense capacity, it ensures high availability for live streaming services and prevents unauthorized access and content piracy.If you have any questions about Tencent EdgeOne, feel free to <a href="https://edgeone.ai/contact">Contact Us</a> for more information.&nbsp;<h2 id="FAQ" style="margin-left:auto;">FAQ</h2>1. Why is Chinese drama famous?Chinese dramas have gained immense popularity worldwide for several reasons. Firstly, they feature diverse and engaging storylines across various genres. Secondly, they are known for their high production values, including impressive sets and costumes. Moreover, they showcase rich cultural elements, offer powerful performances, and are easily accessible through online streaming platforms such as WeTV, iQIYI, and Mango, allowing a global audience to enjoy these captivating shows.2. Can I watch Chinese Dramas for free on my phone or TV?Yes, there are several platforms where you can watch Chinese dramas for free on your phone or TV. Some of the most popular ones include iQIYI, WeTV, and Mango TV. These platforms offer a wide range of Chinese dramas, from classic historical dramas to the latest romance and fantasy series. However, please note that some of the content may only be available to premium users, and there may be advertisements during the streaming. It's also important to make sure that you are using a legitimate platform to avoid any potential security risks.

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